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WHAT IS CATARACT ?

DIFFICULTY IN SEEING OR BLURRY VISION

Cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens in the eye. This blocks the light from reaching the retina and causes unclear vision. As the cataract progresses, it causes hazy vision and may interfere with your daily activities. Cataract usually develops in people older than 45 years of age and as the vision deteriorates, the only available treatment for cataract is surgery with IOL implantion.

White Mature Cataract
White Mature Cataract
POSTERIOR POLAR CATARACT
POSTERIOR POLAR CATARACT

Common symptoms in Cataract

  • Blurred or cloudy vision
  • Increased sensitivity to glare
  • Decrease contrast sensitivity, leading to difficulty distinguishing between objects
  • Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
  • Double vision in one eye and a halo effect around lights
  • Fading and yellowing of colors
  • Difficulty seeing at night.
  • Additionally, individuals may experience a decline in visual acuity, making routine activities such as reading or driving challenging.

What are types of Cataract

Cataracts are categorized based on their cause and location

  • Age-related cataracts occur due to natural aging, it makes a cloudy area on the lens and impairs or harms vision.
  • Cortical cataracts develop in the lens cortex, causing visual disturbances.
  • Congenital cataracts are present at birth, often due to genetics or maternal infections during pregnancy.
  • Developmental cataract :- at the age of adolecense
  • Nuclear cataracts form in the central part of the eye's lens, affecting vision.
  • Hypermature cataract.
  • Posterior subcapsular cataracts occur at the back of the lens, impacting close-up vision and reading.
  • Posterior Polar cataract :- it occur on posterior capsule
  • Traumatic cataracts result from eye injuries.
  • Secondary cataracts may develop as complications of other eye conditions or surgeries.

Common causes for development of cataract

Cataracts develop when the eye's natural lens becomes cloudy, typically due to aging. Proteins in the lens break down and clump together, causing opacity. Aging is the primary factor, as cumulative damage occurs over time. Other contributors include:

  • Age
  • Diabetes
  • Poor nutrition
  • Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation
  • Smoking
  • Certain medications.
  • Genetic factors
  • Trauma/electric current injuries
  • Eye injuries
  • Inflammatory conditions increase the risk
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Lack of antioxidants like vitamins C and E

Types of Cataract Surgery

  • Phacoemulsification :- A most common and modern technique for cataract eye surgery. It involves using ultrasound energy to break up the cloudy lens into small fragments, which are suctioned out of the eye.
  • Micro incision cataract surgery (MICS)
  • Small incision Cataract Surgery (SICS).
  • Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) :- In this traditional method, the surgeon removes the entire lens in one piece. Phacoemulsification is more common today due to its smaller incisions and faster recovery.
  • Intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE).
  • Laser-Assisted Surgery :- Surgeons sometimes utilize advanced laser technology to assist with specific steps in eye cataract treatment, enhancing precision and efficiency in cataract operation. A femtosecond laser creates precise incisions, fragments the cloudy lens, and facilitates its removal. This method offers improved accuracy, reduces the need for manual steps, and enhances overall surgical outcomes, leading to quicker recovery and improved visual results for patients undergoing cataract eye surgery.

Types of IOL & Their Benefits

  • Monofocal Lens (IOL)
  • Multifocal Lens (IOL)
  • Extended Depth of Focus Lens (EDOF) IOLs
  • Toric Lens (For Astigmatism Correction)

Function & Suitability : Provides clear vision at a single distance (far, intermediate, or near) and is ideal for those comfortable using glasses for other tasks. Vision Benefits: Excellent far vision but requires glasses for near and intermediate vision.

Function & Suitability : Offers multiple focal points for near, intermediate, and far vision, making it perfect for those who want to reduce dependence on glasses. Vision Benefits: Clear vision at all distances, though some may experience mild halos at night.

Function & Suitability : Provides a continuous range of vision for those needing sharp far and intermediate vision with minimal glare. Vision Benefits: Excellent far and intermediate vision; near vision may require reading glasses.

Function & Suitability : Specifically designed for astigmatism correction, these lenses provide sharper vision at a chosen distance, making them ideal for patients with astigmatism. Vision Benefits: Clear far vision; intermediate and near vision may require glasses.